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| THE FIFTH CENTURY B.C. Exact dates from this century are unknown and are approximated here. | ||
| 483 B.C. | ||
| -0483 XX XX Ahasuerus 3 |
Esther 1 | HOLY BIBLE Esther 1 |
| -0483 XX XX | WAR Greco-Persian Wars: Both sides prepare for battle. | |
| -0483 XX XX | WAR Gelo of Syracuse conquered Euboea and Megara Hyblaea. | |
| 482 B.C. | ||
| -0482 XX XX | WAR Yue conquers Wu’s capital. | |
| -0482 XX XX | Aristides is ostracised. | |
| 481 B.C. | ||
| -0481 XX XX | WAR Greco-Persian Wars: Persia’s Xerxes increases his army and navy. | |
| -0481 XX XX | Congress at the Isthmus of Corinth | |
| -0481 XX XX | China’s Spring and Autumn Period ends. | |
| -0481 XX XX | Protagoras born. | |
| -0481 XX XX | 孔伋 (Kong Ji) born. | |
| -0481 XX XX | Sima Niu dies. | |
| 480 B.C. | ||
| -0480 05 XX | WAR Greco-Persian Wars: Persia’s Xerxes invades Thrace and Macedonia. | |
| -0480 08 11 | WAR Greco-Persian Wars: Battle of Thermopylae | |
| -0480 08 XX | WAR Greco-Persian Wars: Battle of Artemisium | |
| -0480 09 28 | WAR Greco-Persian Wars: Battle of Salamis | |
| -0480 XX XX | WAR Battle of Himera | |
| -0480 XX XX | WAR Roman-Etruscan Wars: Roman troops march against the Veintes. | |
| -0480 XX XX | Esther 2:1-11 | HOLY BIBLE Esther 2:1-11 |
| -0480 XX XX | The Imperial treasury at the Persepolis Palace is completed. | |
| -0480 XX XX | The archaic period in Greece ends. | |
| -0480 XX XX | Dying Warrior (sculpture) in the Temple of Aphaea. | |
| -0480 XX XX | Kritios Boy (sculpture) in the Acropolis of Athens. | |
| -0480 XX XX | Musicians and Dancers (painting) in the Tomb of the Lionesses in Tarquinia. | |
| -0480 XX XX | Euripides born. | |
| -0480 XX XX | Antiphon born. | |
| -0480 XX XX | Xenophanes dies. | |
| -0480 XX XX | The Pan Painter begins painting pottery. | |
| 479 B.C. | ||
| -0479 08 27 | WAR Greco-Persian Wars: Battle of Plataea | |
| -0479 08 27 | WAR Greco-Persian Wars: Battle of Mycale | |
| -0479 XX XX Ahasuerus 7 |
Esther 2:12-23 | HOLY BIBLE Esther 2:12-23 |
| -0479 XX XX | Confucius dies. | |
| -0479 XX XX | Ephialtes of Trachis dies. | |
| 478 B.C. | ||
| -0478 XX XX | Hiero I becomes tyrant of Syracuse, Sicily. | |
| -0478 XX XX | WAR Battle of Lize | |
| -0478 XX XX | WAR The Greeks recapture Cyprus and Byzantium. | |
| -0478 XX XX | Athens is rebuilt. | |
| -0478 XX XX | Pausanius is aquitted of treason. | |
| -0478 XX XX | Temple of Confucius is established. | |
| -0478 XX XX | Delian League is founded. | |
| 477 B.C. | ||
| -0477 XX XX | WAR Battle of the Cremera | |
| 476 B.C. | ||
| -0476 XX XX | WAR Siege of Eion | |
| -0476 XX XX | Leotychidas’ expedition to Thessaly. | |
| -0476 XX XX | Pindar visits Sicily. | |
| 475 B.C. | ||
| -0475 XX XX | WAR Athens conquers Skyros | |
| -0475 XX XX | 姬仁 (Jī Rén) becomes 周元王 (Zhōu Yúan Wáng), King of China. | |
| -0475 XX XX | Polygnotus begins painting. | |
| -0475 XX XX | Heraclitus dies. | |
| -0475 XX XX | Xenophanes dies. | |
| 474 B.C. | ||
| -0474 XX XX | WAR Battle of Cumae | |
| -0474 XX XX | WAR Messapii, Peuceti, and Lucanians defeat Taranto and Rhegion | |
| -0474 XX XX | Castello Aragonese built. | |
| 473 B.C. | ||
| -0473 XX XX | The State of Wu is annexed by the State of Yue. | |
| -0473 XX XX | The Hikawa Shrine is established. | |
| 472 B.C. | ||
| -0472 XX XX | The Carystus is forced to join the Delian League. | |
| -0472 XX XX | Πέρσαι (The Persians) by Aeschylus | |
| -0472 XX XX Ahasuerus 12 |
Esther 3 | HOLY BIBLE Esther 3 |
| -0472 XX XX | Esther 4 | HOLY BIBLE Esther 4 |
| -0472 XX XX | Esther 5 | HOLY BIBLE Esther 5 |
| -0472 XX XX | Esther 6 | HOLY BIBLE Esther 6 |
| -0472 XX XX | Esther 7 | HOLY BIBLE Esther 7 |
| -0472 XX XX | Esther 8 | HOLY BIBLE Esther 8 |
| -0472 XX XX | Esther 9 | HOLY BIBLE Esther 9 |
| -0472 XX XX | Esther 10 | HOLY BIBLE Esther 10 |
| 471 B.C. | ||
| -0471 XX XX | Themistocles is ostracized. | |
| -0471 XX XX | Pixunte is founded. | |
| 470 B.C. | ||
| -0470 XX XX | Φιλόλαος (Philolaus) born. | |
| -0470 XX XX | Pausanias flees arrest. | |
| -0470 XX XX | Pausanias dies. | |
| -0470 XX XX | Construction begins on the Temple of Zeus. | |
| -0470 XX XX | The Charioteer of Delphi is created. | |
| -0470 XX XX | Ἀσπασία (Aspasia) born. | |
| -0470 XX XX | Ιπποκράτης ο Χίος (Hippocrates of Chios) born. | |
| -0470 XX XX | 墨子 (Mozi) born. | |
| -0470 XX XX | Στησίμβροτος δ' ό Θάσιος (Stesimbrotos of Thasos) born. | |
| -0470 XX XX | Ephialtes of Trachis dies. | |
| 469 B.C. | ||
| -0469 XX XX | Σωκράτης (Socrates) born. | |
| -0469 XX XX | Naxos Island attempts to secede from the Delian League. | |
| -0469 XX XX | Themistocles travels to Magnesia. | |
| -0469 XX XX | Leotychidas dies. | |
| -0469 XX XX | King Yuan of Zhou dies. | |
| 468 B.C. | ||
| -0468 XX XX | WAR Roman forces capture Antium | |
| -0468 XX XX | 姬介 (Jī Jie) becomes 周贞定王 (Zhōu Zhēn Dìng Wáng), twenty-eighth King of China. | |
| -0468 XX XX | Sophocles is awarded the Athenian Prize. | |
| -0468 XX XX | Aristides dies. | |
| -0468 XX XX | Simonides of Ceos dies. | |
| 467 B.C. | ||
| -0467 XX XX | Quintus Fabius Vibulanus becomes consul of the Roman Republic. | |
| -0467 XX XX | Hiero I of Syracuse dies. | |
| -0467 XX XX | Thrasybulus becomes tyrant of Syracuse, Sicily. | |
| -0467 XX XX | Ἑπτά ἐπί Θήβας (Seven Against Thebes) Aeschylus. | |
| -0467 XX XX | Seven Against Thebes wins first prize at Dionysia. | |
| -0467 XX XX | Πέρσαι (The Persians) Aeschylus. | |
| -0467 XX XX | Halley’s Comet first sighted. | |
| 466 B.C. | ||
| -0466 XX XX | WAR Battle of the Eurymedon: The Delian League defeats the Achaemenid Empire. | |
| -0466 XX XX | WAR Apulia defeats Tarās. | |
| -0466 XX XX | Thrasybulus is driven out of Syracuse. | |
| 460 B.C. | ||
| -0460 XX XX | Θουκυδίδης (Thucydides) born. | |
| 455 B.C. | ||
| -0455 XX XX | WAR Athens vs. Sparta. | |
| -0455 XX XX | WAR Athens vs. Persia in Egypt. | |
| -0455 XX XX | Peliades Euripides. | |
| 449 B.C. | ||
| -0449 XX XX | WAR Peace of Callias: Peace declared between Delian League and Persia. | |
| -0449 XX XX | WAR The Second Sacred War begins: Athens vs. Sparta. | |
| -0449 XX XX | Pericles proposes the Congress Decree. | |
| -0449 XX XX | Construction begins on the Temple of Hephaestus. | |
| -0449 XX XX | Construction begins on the Temple of Athena Nike. | |
| -0449 XX XX | A Secessio plebis occurs in Rome. | |
| -0449 XX XX | The Law of the Twelve Tables adopted in Rome. | |
| -0449 XX XX | The Decemviri are forced to leave office. | |
| -0449 XX XX | Verginia murdered. | |
| -0449 XX XX | Appius Claudius Crassus dies. | |
| -0449 XX XX | Histories Herodotus | |
| -0449 XX XX | Appius and Virginia (17th century AD play) John Webster | |
| 434 B.C. | ||
| -0434 XX XX | Megarian decree implemented. | |
| -0434 XX XX | Perdiccas’ brother, Philip, challenges him for the throne. | |
| -0434 XX XX | Anaxagoras arrested. | |
| -0434 XX XX | Anaxagoras tries to square the circle. | |
| 432 B.C. | ||
| -0432 XX XX | Peloponnesian League conference in Sparta | |
| -0432 XX XX | WAR Battle of Potidaea: Athens vs. Corinth and Potidaea | |
| -0432 XX XX | Ἡράκλεια (Heraclea) founded. | |
| -0432 XX XX | Marquis Yi of Zeng buried. | |
| -0432 XX XX | Metonic cycle introduced. | |
| -0432 XX XX | Parthenon construction completed. | |
| -0432 XX XX | Διονύσιος (Dionysius) born. | |
| 422 B.C. | ||
| -0422 XX XX | Cratinus dies. | |
| 421 B.C. | ||
| -0421 XX XX | WAR Peace of Nicias | |
| -0421 XX XX | WAR Cumae falls to the Samnites. | |
| -0421 XX XX | Construction begins on the Caryatid porch at the Erechtheum. | |
| -0421 XX XX | Εἰρήνη (Peace) Aristophanes | |
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